计算栅格的每个单元格的斜率（z的最大变化率）。
典型的用途
- Calculating slope on elevation rasters
- 计算光栅带值的变化率
How does it work?
The RasterSlopeCalculator receives raster features, and calculates the slope for each cell.
Slope may be measured in either程度（0到90），或Percent Rise(0 to infinity). The calculation is done based on the values of surrounding cells (using a 3 cell x 3 cell window), and a choice of algorithms is available. Cells without data (nodata) may be interpolated for calculation purposes.
Slope values are output on the same band they were calculated from, and the band is converted to Real64.
Formulti-band rasters分别处理每个乐队,斜率lues calculated for each band on each cell. To restrict operation to specific band(s), use aRasterSelectorprior to the RasterSlopeCalculator.
This transformer supports raster band selection. TheRasterSelectorcan be used to modify this selection.
Z Factor, Scaling and Units
Input rasters’ horizontal (x and y) units are expected to be the same as vertical (z) units.
If this is not the case - for example, if the horizontal units are in meters with elevation (z) in feet (or any other similar unit type mismatch), you may apply a scale factor (also known as Z Factor) with theScaler在使用RasterslopecaLculator之前的变压器。
In this example (ground units are meters, elevations are feet), the scale factor to use is0.3048- 一英尺的米数。
If the ground units are lat/long, the appropriate scale factor will vary greatly between the equator and the poles. In this case, consider reprojecting the input raster with aReprojector，到具有匹配垂直（Z）单元的接地单元的适当坐标系。
Examples
Example:Slope calculation on a DEM
In this example we will perform a slope calculation on a Digital Elevation Model. The source data ranges in elevation from sea level (0) to around 1500 meters, in a mountainous area. Note that elevation is stored in Band 0, as an integer.
Note: ">笔记：这种格式，CDED，位于LL83秒坐标系中 - 因此Lat / Long Storal（接地）单元与米为单位的垂直（高度）单位不匹配。
DEM首先被路由到一个中Reprojector, where it is converted to UTM83-10, an appropriate local coordinate system with ground units in meters, matching the elevation value units. Then it is routed into a RasterSlopeCalculator.
在参数对话框中，我们选择一个输出Measurementof程度, and use theHornalgorithm.插入Nodata.is set toYes。
The output raster feature has new Band 0 values - the calculated slope - and the band has been converted to a floating-point decimal interpretation type (real64).
Note the shape of the output raster compared to the original DEM data - a result of the reprojection.
Usage Notes
选择光栅变压器
FME has an extensive selection of transformers for working with raster data. They can be generally categorized as working with whole rasters, bands, cells or palettes, and those designed for workflow control or combining raster with vector data.
For information on raster geometry and properties, seeRasters (IFMERaster)。
光栅变压器
Working with Rasters
These transformers generally apply to whole rasters.
| RasterCellOriginSetter | 将单元格源点设置在栅格中的单元格中。 |
| RasterConvolver. | Applies a convolution filter (sometimes called a核心orlens) to raster features and outputs the results. |
| rasterexpressionEvaluator. | Evaluates expressions on each cell in a raster or pair of rasters, including algebraic operations and conditional statements. |
| RasterExtentsCoercer | Replaces the geometry of input raster features with a polygon covering either the extents of a raster or the extent of data within a raster. |
| RasterGCPExtractor | 提取物地面控制点(GCP) coordinate system and point values from a raster feature and exposes them as attributes. |
| Rastergcpsetter. | 套地面控制点s(GCPs) on a raster, pairing cell positions with known coordinates. |
| RastergeoreFerencer. | 通过已知的角落坐标或起源，单元格尺寸和旋转来绕地理栅格。 |
| Rasterhillsshader. | Generates a grayscale shaded relief representation of terrain, based on elevation values. |
| RasterInterpretationCoercer | Alters the interpretation type of rasters, including all bands, and converts cell values if necessary. |
| RasterMosaicker | 将多个栅格功能合并到单个栅格功能中。 |
| RasterPropertyExtractor | 提取物the geometry properties of a raster feature and exposes them as attributes. |
| Rasterpyramider. | 基于最小输出光栅的任一数量或尺寸，将栅格重新列出到多个分辨率。 |
| RasterRegisterer | 转换图像以最小化其与另一个的差异。 |
| RasterResampler | Resamples rasters, based on specified output dimensions, cell size in ground units, or percentage of original, and interpolates new cell values. |
| RasterRotationApplier | 根据其旋转角度旋转栅格功能，内插新的单元格值，更新所有受影响的栅格属性，并使用旋转角度产生输出栅格功能。 |
| RasterSharpener | Enhances the features of a raster image. The RasterSharpener enhances the borders, lines, and curves while reducing noise in the flat areas of the raster image. |
| rastersubsetter. | Clips raster features using pixel bounds instead of ground coordinates, and optionally adds cells around the perimeter. |
| RasterTiler | Splits each input raster into a series of tiles by specifying either a tile size in cells/pixels or the number of tiles. |
| RasterToPolygonCoercer | Creates polygons from input raster features. One polygon is output for each contiguous area of pixels with the same value in the input raster. |
| WebMaptiler. | Creates a series of image tiles that can be utilized by web mapping applications such as Bing™ Maps, Google Maps™, or Web Map Tile Service. This is done by resampling rasters to various different resolutions and then splitting them into tiles. |
Working with Bands
These transformers generally apply to bands.
| RasterBandadder. | 将新频段添加到栅格功能。 |
| RasterBandCombiner | Merges coincidental raster features into a single output raster feature, preserving and appending all bands. |
| RasterBandInterpretationCoercer | Alters the interpretation type of individual raster bands, converting cell values if necessary. |
| Rasterbandeepter | Removes all unselected bands from a raster feature. |
| RasterBandMinMaxExtractor | 提取物the minimum and maximum band values, palette keys, and palette values from a raster feature, and adds them to a list attribute. |
| RasterBandNameSetter | 套the band name of selected bands on a raster, making raster contents simpler to understand compared to band numbers. |
| RasterBandNodataRemover | Removes the existing nodata identifier from selected bands of a raster feature. Any values previously equal to the nodata value are considered valid data. |
| RasterBandNodataseTter. | 套a new nodata value on selected bands of a raster feature. |
| RasterBandorder | 指定栅格中的频带所需顺序。频带根据输入带索引重新排序。 |
| RasterBandPropertyExtractor | 提取物the band and palette properties of a raster feature and exposes them as attributes. |
| RasterBandRemover | Removes any selected bands from a raster feature. |
| RasterBandSeparator | Separates bands or unique band and palette combinations, and outputs either individual raster features or a single new raster feature containing all combinations. |
| RasterStatisticsCalculator | 计算栅格频段的统计信息，并将结果添加为属性。 |
Working with Cells
这些变压器通常适用于单个细胞。
| RasterAspectCalculator | Calculates the aspect (direction of slope) for each cell of a raster. Aspect is measured in degrees from 0 to 360, clockwise from north. |
| RasterCellCoercer. | Creates individual points or polygons for each cell in a raster, optionally extracting band values as z coordinates or attributes. |
| RasterCellValueCalculator | Evaluates basic arithmetic , minimum, maximum or average operations on the cell values of a pair of rasters. |
| RasterCellValueReplacer | Replaces a range of band values in a raster with a new single value. |
| RasterCellValueRounder | Rounds off raster cell values. |
| 罗斯特司人 | Partitions a raster image into arbitrarily sized groups of cells from the input image based on intensity differences in the input raster image cells. |
| RasterSingularCellValueCalculator | Performs basic arithmetic operations on the cell values of a raster against a numeric value. |
| RasterSlopeCalculator | 计算栅格的每个单元格的斜率（z的最大变化率）。 |
Working with Palettes
These transformers generally apply to palettes.
| RasterPaletteAdder | Creates a palette from an attribute, and adds this palette to all selected bands on a raster. |
| RasterPaletteExtractor | 在栅格上创建现有调色板的字符串表示，并将其保存到属性。 |
| RasterPaletteGenerator | Generates a palette out of the selected band(s) of a raster. The output raster will have the selected band(s) replaced by a new band with a palette. |
| RasterpaletteInterpretationCoercer. | 改变光栅调色板的解释类型。 |
| RasterPaletteNodataSetter | 标识与栅格乐队的Nodata值匹配的调色板键，并设置一个值。 |
| RasterPaletteRemover | 从栅格功能中删除选定的调色板。 |
| Rasterpaletteresolver | Resolves the palette(s) on a raster by replacing cell values with their corresponding palette values. Palette values with multiple components, such as RGB, are broken down and the individual values assigned to multiple, newly-added bands. |
Workflow Control
These transformers generally control the flow of features in a workspace.
| RastercheckPointer. | Forces accumulated raster operations to be processed, saving the state to disk and releasing resources to tune performance or assist with memory limitations. |
| RasterConsumer. | Reads raster features for testing purposes, including any accumulated raster operations. No additional operations are performed, and nothing is done with the features. |
| RasterExtractor | Serializes the geometry of a raster feature into a Blob attribute, encoding the contents according to a choice of common binary raster formats. |
| RasternumericCreator. | Creates a numeric raster of specified size and resolution, with default cell values. |
| RasterReplacer. | Decodes a binary attribute containing encoded rasters stored as Blobs, replacing the feature’s geometry with the decoded raster. |
| RasterRGBCreator | Creates a color raster feature of specified size, resolution, and interpretation type, with default cell values. |
| RasterSelector | Selects specific bands and palettes of a raster for subsequent transformer operations. |
Vectors and Rasters
These transformers generally involve using rasters and vector data together.
| ImageRasterizer. | 使用纯背景填充的FME_COLOR属性填充矢量功能，创建矢量或点云输入功能的光栅表示。可以使用颜色或强度分量呈现点云。 |
| NumericRasterizer | 创建矢量或点云输入特征的数字栅格表示，其中从输入特征的z坐标中取出单元值并覆盖在均匀的背景上。 |
| MapnikRasterizer | Generates a raster from input vector and raster features, with fine control over symbolization and labeling, using the Mapnik toolkit. |
| PointCloudOnRasterComponentSetter | 套point cloud component values by overlaying a point cloud on a raster. The component values for each point are interpolated from band values at the point location. |
| PointOnRasterValueExtractor | 提取物the band and palette values from a raster at the location of one or more input points and sets them as attributes on the feature. |
| RasterDEMGenerator | Produces a raster digital elevation model (DEM) by uniformly sampling a Delaunay triangulation generated from input points and breaklines. |
| vectoronrasteroverlayer. | 将矢量或点云功能光栅化到现有的光栅上。对于向量特征，FME_Color属性设置像素颜色，可以使用它们的颜色或强度分量呈现点云。 |
配置
Input Ports
Input
Raster features with cells to calculate slope values on. Horizontal (x and y) units should be the same as vertical (z) units.
输出Ports
输出
使用计算斜率值的栅格功能，存储在同一频段中，它们被提供为real64转换为解释类型。
非栅格功能将被路由到<拒绝>端口以及无效的栅格。
拒绝功能将具有FME_Reempe_code属性，其中一个值之一：
INVALID_GEOMETRY_TYPE
INVALID_RASTER_CANNOT_CALCULATE_SLOPE
Rejected Feature Handling:can be set to either terminate the translation or continue running when it encounters a rejected feature. This setting is available both as a defaultFME选项and as aworkspace parameter。
参数
参数
| 输出Measurement | Select the measurement units of the output slope data. 程度:Slope will be calculated in degrees. Values will range from 0 (flat) to 90 (vertical). Percent Rise:Slope will be calculated as percent rise. Values will range from 0 (flat) to infinity (vertical). A flat surface will have a slope of 0 percent, a 45 degree surface will have a slope of 100 percent, and as the surface becomes more vertical the slope gets progressively larger. |
| 插入Nodata. | 计算光栅边的值和近Nodata值。 不：When any pixel in the 3x3 window used to calculate the slope value is equal to nodata, the output pixel will also be set to nodata. If the input band does not have a nodata value, the output band nodata value will be set to -1. There will be a one pixel border around the edge of the raster set to the nodata value. 是的：边缘周围的值和近Nodata值将通过插入缺失值来估计。请注意，孔不会填充 - 输入栅格中的Nodata的单元格将保持输出中的Nodata。 |
| Algorithm | 用于计算斜率的算法。一些分析表明，喇叭的配方更适合令人讨厌的地形，而Zevenbergen＆Thorne的配方对于平滑地形更好。 |
Editing Transformer Parameters
Using a set of menu options, transformer parameters can be assigned by referencing other elements in the workspace. More advanced functions, such as an advanced editor and an arithmetic editor, are also available in some transformers. To access a menu of these options, click
beside the applicable parameter. For more information, seeTransformer Parameter Menu Options。
Defining Values
There are several ways to define a value for use in a Transformer. The simplest is to simply type in a value or string, which can include functions of various types such as attribute references, math and string functions, and workspace parameters. There are a number of tools and shortcuts that can assist in constructing values, generally available from the drop-down context menu adjacent to the value field.
How to Set Parameter Values
Using the Text Editor
文本编辑器提供了一种方便的方法来构建来自各种数据源的文本字符串（包括正则表达式），例如属性，参数和常量，其中结果直接在参数内使用。
使用算术编辑器
The Arithmetic Editor provides a convenient way to construct math expressions from various data sources, such as attributes, parameters, and feature functions, where the result is used directly inside a parameter.
条件值
根据通过或失败的一个或多个测试条件设置值。
Parameter Condition Definition Dialog
Content
Expressions and strings can include a number of functions, characters, parameters, and more.
When setting values - whether entered directly in a parameter or constructed using one of the editors - strings and expressions containing String, Math, Date/Time or FME Feature Functions will have those functions evaluated. Therefore, the names of these functions (in the form @<function_name>）不应用作文字字符串值。
Content Types
| 这些功能操纵和格式化字符串。 | |
特殊的角色 |
A set of control characters is available in the Text Editor. |
| Math functions are available in both editors. | |
| Date/Time Functions | Date and time functions are available in the Text Editor. |
| These operators are available in the Arithmetic Editor. | |
| 这些主要是特定于特征的值。 | |
| FME and workspace-specific parameters may be used. | |
| Creating and Modifying User Parameters | Create your own editable parameters. |
Dialog Options - Tables
Transformers with table-style parameters have additional tools for populating and manipulating values.
表工具
Row Reordering
|
Enabled once you have clicked on a row item. Choices include:
|
剪裁，复制和粘贴
|
Enabled once you have clicked on a row item. Choices include:
切割，复制和粘贴可以在变压器或变压器之间使用。 |
Filter
|
Start typing a string, and the matrix will only display rows matching those characters. Searches all columns. This only affects the display of attributes within the transformer - it does not alter which attributes are output. |
Import
|
进口用一组新的素质填充表butes read from a dataset. Specific application varies between transformers. |
Reset/Refresh
|
通常将表重置为其初始状态，并且可以提供其他选项以删除无效条目。行为在变压器之间变化。 |
笔记：并非所有变压器都提供所有工具。
Reference
Processing Behavior |
|
功能持有 |
No |
| 依赖性 | None |
| FME Licensing Level | FME专业版及以上 |
| 别名 | |
| 历史 |
FME Community
The FME Community is the place for demos, how-tos, articles, FAQs, and more. Get answers to your questions, learn from other users, and suggest, vote, and comment on new features.
搜索all results about the RasterSlopeCalculator关于FME社区。亚搏国际在线官网
Examples may contain information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Vancouver and/or the Open Government Licence – Canada.