制图by@redgeographicsusing FME
最好的maps are those that embrace both science and art, making them both informative and eye-pleasing, both accurate and expressive. To make this happen, cartography has to include both automation and creative design— a process of gathering, filtering, manipulating, and styling data.
挑战是在平稳的工作流程中实现所有这些，它是可重复的，并且易于扩展。亚搏在线我们的开发人员在每一步都考虑了最痛苦的挑战，如混合不同的来源，准备和清洁数据和自动化（将地图与可重复的工作流程保持最新），并创建变压器以帮助缓解该过程。亚搏在线让我们看看制图工作流程中涉及的步骤，哪些变换器是最有用的。亚搏在线
1. Integration
First, pull data from whatever sources you have access to: GIS, CAD models, DEMs, etc. Consider what will make the information as rich as possible without interfering with the map’s clarity.
Examples of possible data sources: Shapefile, AutoCAD, and a digital elevation model
2. Data cleaning
确保您的源数据没有问题。这是一个主题，所以我不会在这里详细介绍，但看看我们的众多资源，包括：
A few useful FME transformers: Intersector, AreaBuilder, Snapper, SliverRemover
3. Data enrichment
Enrichment means adding valuable information to data features. This information can be anything that tells us more about the geometry and attributes — what other features are nearby, how round or oval the feature is, how it’s positioned, etc.
One example is in determining the order that streams flow through a landscape. This can be done with theStreamOrderCalculatortransformer, which considers how streams and rivers merge to create a hierarchy and tells you how thick each one should be.
These lines have been thickened based on the calculated stream order.
A few useful FME transformers: anything with ‘Calculator’ in the name (e.g. AreaCalculator), SpatialFilter, NeighborFinder, BoundingBoxReplacer
[ Watch our制图学研讨会, where Dmitri and Jen demo all of these steps. ]
4. Generalization
概括地图意味着导出更简单的多边形和/或较小刻度的地图，因此您可以在不包括不必要的细节的情况下可视化一个区域。该过程可以包括简化几何形状，组合区域，改变几何类型（例如将多边形转换为点），修改几何形状以满足要求，或减少顶点的数量。
要将文本标签添加到菲律宾，Dmitri使用了一个带有大区的中间多边形，将所有岛屿合并为一个。
A few useful FME transformers: Dissolver, Generalizer, AreaAmalgamator, Displacer, CurveFitter
5. Beautification and styling
Here’s where the art comes in. Set the features’ appearances, add labels, and do whatever you need to make it look amazing. For example, use theMapTextLabellerto define rules on how everything should be labelled, or theMapnikRasterizerto convert the map into a nicely styled raster.
凉爽的造型由Mapnik带给您。
A few useful FME transformers: anything with ‘Styler’ in the name (e.g. DWGStyler), MapTextLabeller, MapnikRasterizer, RasterHillShader, Labeller
6. Output
The final step is to pick your means of delivery. This might be a CAD or GIS format, PDF file, raster image, a Word or Powerpoint file, or a tile cache on a webpage.
For example, Dmitri made a stylizedtiled web mapthat renders different images as you zoom in.
Tiled web map generated with an FME workspace.
Real Cartographers Using FME
We asked FMEers to send us maps they’ve generated with FME. We got amazing work fromOwen Powell, Holly Coxon,Hans van der Maarel, and Joanna Hobbins. Take a look in the below video (extracted from the fullwebinar).
Through this process of integrating, transforming, and styling data, cartographers can more easily achieve the goal of making the world more understandable to everyone. The FME transformers above are just ideas. For more, browse thetransformer gallery和cartography toolsadded to FME Hub by users, and check out our制图学研讨会to see demos.
Jamey Gillis.
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